COMMENT ⊗   VALID 00019 PAGES
C REC  PAGE   DESCRIPTION
C00001 00001
C00003 00002	.seg BYLAWS
C00004 00003	.s Affiliations with Other Organizations
C00006 00004	.s Elections
C00014 00005	.s Officers
C00018 00006	.s Standing Committees
C00023 00007	.s Special Committees
C00028 00008	.s Conduct
C00033 00009	.s "Administrative Authority"
C00039 00010	.s Appeals
C00050 00011	.s Nonvoting Members
C00052 00012	.s Licensing of Amateur Competitors
C00064 00013	.s "Licensing of Officials, Coaches, Trainers, and Mechanics"
C00067 00014	.s Race Permits
C00080 00015	.s Championships
C00091 00016	.s Club Privileges and Responsibilities
C00100 00017	.s National Teams
C00106 00018	.s Suspension of Licensees
C00117 00019	.s  Geographical Organization
C00125 ENDMK
C⊗;
.seg BYLAWS
.count article printing "A";
.count section in article;
.count part in section;
.macro s(tit) ⊂ next article; subhead←null;
.  skipa(10,120);
.  indent 0,0;
.  once center select 3;
{article!}. tit
.  select 1
.  send contents	⊂
.tc({article!},|tit|,{page!});
.   ⊃
.  subhead←article!&" - tit";
.  ⊃
. 
.at "<"	⊂  next section; skipa(4,80);
.  indent 5,0;
%3Section {section!}%1.  { ⊃;
. 
.at ">"	⊂ next part; skipa(2,40);
.  indent 0,0;
%3Part {part}%1.  { ⊃;
. 
.fill nojust
.s Affiliations with Other Organizations
.ind affiliations with other organizations
.ind IHPVA
.ind USOC
.ind UCI
.ind FIAC
<The United States Cycling Federation is a member of the
U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC),
affiliated with the International Human Powered Vehicle Association
(IHPVA), and
an affiliated member of the International Amateur Cycling Federation (FIAC
in French) which is part of the International Cycling Union (UCI).
.ind international event rules
<For Olympic and other international events (even when
held in the U.S.A.), applicable regulations of the USOC, UCI, and FIAC
shall take precedence over those of the Federation.
For other events that have been issued race permits by the Federation,
the rules of the Federation apply.

.s Elections
.ind election of directors
<GEOGRAPHICAL ELECTION OF DIRECTORS.
Nomination notices shall be mailed to clubs not later than March 15
of each year.
.dead(" 3/15",|Election committee must mail nomination notices to clubs by this date
. (see page {page!})|);
All petitions and club nominations must be mailed to the Election Committee
postmarked no later than April 15.
.dead(" 4/15",|Clubs must return nominations for Director to the Election Committee
. postmarked no later than this date (see page {page!})|);
Ballots shall be mailed to voting clubs no later than May 15 and must be
mailed back to the Election Committee postmarked no later than June 15.
.dead(" 5/15",|Ballots for Directors' election to be mailed to clubs
. (see page {page!})|);
.dead(" 6/15",|Clubs to return ballots to Election Committee postmarked no
. later than this date (see page {page!})|);
Results shall be sent to the clubs no later than July 1.
.dead(" 7/ 1",|Directors' election results sent to clubs by this date (see page
. {page!})|);
.ind cumulative voting
<CUMULATIVE VOTING.
In all elections of directors, each member shall be entitled to as many
votes as shall equal the number of votes that the member is entitled
to cast for
each director multiplied by the number of directors to be elected, and
may cast all of such votes for a single director or may distribute them
among the number to be voted for, or for any two or more of them, as he may
see fit.
.ind "election of USOC representatives"
.ind "selection of USOC representatives"
.ind "USOC representatives"
.ind Olympic Committee representatives
<USOC REPRESENTATIVES.  Federation representatives to the U.S. Olympic
Committee shall be selected as follows.
>Selection of representatives to the USOC must be held within a year before
each Quadrennial meeting of the USOC House of Delegates.
The representatives will take office at the Quadrennial meeting and will
serve until such time as their successors have been selected.
The Board of Directors may call for a new election for any or all of
such representatives at any time.
>One representative and one alternate, nominated by the President and
approved by majority vote of the Federation Board of Directors, shall
serve as USOC Executive Board Member.
.ind delegates to USOC
>Five delegates and a like number of alternates, nominated by the
President and approved by majority vote of the Federation Board of
Directors, shall represent the Federation at any meeting of the USOC House
of Delegates.
At least one of the delegates and one of the alternates must be an active
athlete.
.ind "AAC director, election of"
.ind Election Committee
>One active athlete and one alternate shall be elected by eligible
athletes to represent the Federation on the Athlete's Advisory Council
of the USOC.
The election shall be conducted by the Election Committee according
to the following procedures:
.continue
(a) The ballots must be tabulated and results announced at least
30 days prior to the Quadrennial meeting of he USOC House of Delegates.
.continue
(b) Public notice of the opening of nominations shall be given and
nominations shall be open for 30 days.
Any active athlete may be nominated by any eligible athlete provided the
nominee indicates acceptance of the nomination in writing.
.continue
(c) Within 15 days after nominations have closed, ballots shall
be sent by first class mail to all eligible athletes.
Ballots must be returned for counting within 30 days and must be
postmarked no later than the final day of balloting in order to be counted
.continue
(d) Eligible athletes shall vote for one active athlete to represent
athletes of their sex.
Their ballots shall also list candidates of the opposite sex.
From both lists they shall vote for one athlete to be the USOC
Advisory Council representative.
The male or female representative with the highest vote total
for Advisory Council representative shall be elected as the member
of the Advisory Council and the other shall be the alternate.
In the case of a tie, the winner shall be selected by lot.

>Within the meaning of this bylaw, %3"active athlete"%* shall mean an individual
who, when elected, shall have represented the United States in the
Olympic or Pan-American Games, World Championships, or other major
international cycling competition within the preceding 10 years and
who has not been a member of the Athletes Advisory Council for more than
two full quadrenniel periods.
%3"Eligible athlete"%* shall mean a member of a senior national team.

.s Officers
.ind officers of the Federation
.ind duties of officers
<The officers shall fulfill the responsibilities specified
below, subject to the control of the Board of Directors,
and such other duties as shall from time to time be assigned to
them by the Board.
.ind President
.ind appointment of committees
.ind appointment of representatives
<The President shall manage and supervise the affairs of the Federation.
He shall keep the Directors fully informed and shall consult with them
concerning the activities of the Federation.
He shall,
with the approval of the Board of Directors, appoint all special
committees and shall have the power to remove a member of any such
committee as he deems necessary for the best interests of the Federation.
He shall appoint all representatives to allied bodies whose selection is
not specified elsewhere in the Constitution or Bylaws.
.ind Secretary
<The Secretary shall keep the minutes of all meetings of the House of
Delegates and the Board of Directors in the books proper for that purpose
and shall attend to the giving and serving of all notices of the Federation.
.ind Treasurer
<The Treasurer shall have the care and custody of all funds and securities
of the Federation.
He shall keep or cause to be kept complete and accurate accounts of receipts
and disbursements of the Federation and shall deposit all moneys and other
valuable effects of the Federation in the name and to the credit of the
Federation in such banks or depositories as the Board may designate.
Whenever required by the Board of Directors, he shall render a statement on
his accounts.
He shall at all reasonable times exhibit his books and accounts to any
officer or Director of the Federation.
He shall chair the Budget Committee.
.ind Technical Chairman
<The Technical Chairman shall administer the Technical Commission and
its programs.
In periods between meetings of the Technical Commission, he shall
carry out the responsibilities of the Commission with the advice of
the Commission members.
.ind Vice Presidents
<In the absence of the President, the Vice President(s), in their order,
shall in general have the powers
and perform the duties of the President.

.s Standing Committees
.ind committees
.ind standing committees
.ind duties of committees
<The Executive Committee shall consist of the officers of the Federation
and the Executive Director; the latter shall have no vote.
In the period between meetings of the Board, the Executive Committee
shall have the authority of the Board in dealing with the business affairs
of the Federation.
Meetings of the committee may be called by the President.
Adequate notice of meetings must be given to all members.
Actions of such meetings shall require approval of at least
2/3 of the members of the committee.

.ind Budget Committee
<The Budget Committee shall have the following responsibilities:
.break
(a) to transmit for approval of the Board of Directors the annual budget
of income and expense for the Federation;
.break
(b) to monitor performance of the operating units of the Federation, on both
income and expense, in relation to the budget approved by the Board of
Directors;
.break
(c) to prepare annual or other periodic recommendations for modification of
the budget, if necessary, for approval of the Board of Directors; and
.break
.ind auditing accounts
.ind financial audit
(d) to audit, with professional assistance as may be appropriate, the
accounts of the Federation, and to make annual reports thereon to the Board
of Directors.
.break
.ind competitive bids for contracts
.ind contracts
(e) ensure that, wherever practical, competitive bids are solicited to
supply goods and services to the Federation.

.ind Legislation Committee
.ind amendments
<The Legislation Committee shall receive all proposed
amendments to the Constitution and Bylaws.  All such amendments shall be
considered by the Committee and presented in proper form for action, but
this provision shall not prevent the Board of Directors from acting upon
any amendments of which legal notice has been given if the Committee fails
to consider the same and report upon it.
Legislation prepared by the committee for the Annual Meeting shall
be submitted to the Board of Directors for a vote, either at a board
meeting or by written ballot, and the numerical results of this opinion
poll shall be made known to the House of Delegates.

.s Special Committees
.ind Technical Commission
<The Technical Commission shall:
.break
.ind interpretation of rules
(a) interpret and recommend amendments to the racing, licensing, elegibility,
and conduct regulations
in the period between meetings of the Board of Directors;
.break
.ind "misconduct, investigation"
.ind investigation
(b) investigate allegations of misconduct or violations of racing rules,
assessing penalties when required;
.break
.ind officials certification
.ind officials appointment
(c) establish policies and standards for certification and appointment of
race officials;
.break
(d) select officials for national championships, international races,
and other national-level events;
.break
.ind medical control
(e) designate races at which medical control shall be conducted;
.break
.ind records
(f) investigate applications for recognition of bicycle racing records,
investigate without application potential records in events
conducted by the Federation, and recommend acceptance or rejection
to the Board of Directors;
.break
(g) establish policies and standards for technical aspects of cycling
competitions including routes, venues, equipment (including phototiming),
and procedures.

<The Competition Committee shall develop a schedule of racing events for each
calendar year.
The committee shall recommend to the Board of Directors eligibility
procedures, policies, and standards for:
.break
(a) district and national championships;
.break
(b) selection of national, World Championship, Pan American, and Olympic
teams;
.break
(c) international races held within and outside the United States;
.break
(d) national multi-sport competitions or festivals;
.break
(e) training camps for current or prospective national team members;
.break
(f) races designated as "classics" by the committee;
.break
(g) races in which amateurs and professionals compete together.

<An Appeals Board shall conduct hearings of certain appeals as specified
in Bylaw {article! appealref}.
.ind jury of appeals
.ind appeals jury
>The Appeals Chair shall appoint Appeals Juries and their foremen
as needed either to serve certain geographical areas over a period
of time or for special race meets.
No employees of the Federation shall serve on such juries, however officials
may be jury members.
Each jury shall have at least three members.
>For national championships and such other events as the Appeals Chair
designates there shall be an Appeals Jury
present to immediately hear and rule on any appeals arising from the race
meet.
.s Conduct
.ind conduct of directors and employees
.ind paid positions
.ind honorarium for officers
.ind conflict of interest
<PAID POSITIONS.  No director or voting member of a Federation committee
shall hold a position paid from Federation fees, however officers may
be granted an honorarium by the Board of Directors.
District representatives are considered to hold paid positions;
race officials are not.

.ind national team positions
.ind coach of national team
.ind manager of national team
<NATIONAL TEAM POSITIONS.  No director may be selected as coach,
trainer, manager, or mechanic for
any national team unless there are no other applicants or the other
applicants are so less qualified that their selection would clearly
adversely affect the team's performance.

.ind financial disclosure of directors
<FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.  Each year at the time of the Board of Directors
meeting to elect officers,
each director shall file with the Federation office a disclosure of all
activities in which he or
she held a financial interest or from which he or she received compensation
during the preceding 12 months
that were directly involved with the sport of cycling
or were doing business with the Federation.
The list of these activities shall be made available to the public upon
request.

.ind bonding of staff
<BONDING.
Any employee or agent of the Federation handling substantial Federation
funds shall be bonded at the expense of the Federation, as specified by
the Executive Director.

<INDEMNIFICATION
.ind indemnification
>The Federation shall, to the maximum extent permitted by the New York
Not-for-profit Corporation Law, indemnify each of its agents against
expenses, judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and
reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding arising by reason
of the fact any such person is or was an agent of the Federation.
>The Board of Directors may, to the maximum extent permitted by the
New York Not-for-profit Corporation Law, authorize the purchase and
maintenance by the Federation of insurance on behalf of any agent of
the Federation against liability asserted against or incurred by the
agent in such capacity or arising out of the agent's status as such
whether or not the Federation is empowered to indemnify the agent
against such liability under the provisions of this Section {section!}
>For purposes of this Section {section!}, an "agent" of the Federation includes
any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or other agent of
the Federation, or is or was serving at the request of the Federation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other
enterprise.
.s "Administrative Authority"
.ind "Executive Director"
<EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.
There shall be an Executive Director employed by the Executive Committee,
with the advice of the Board of Directors, who shall serve until the Committee
accepts a resignation or until removed by the Committee, without prejudice
to his contract rights.
>Under the direction of the Executive Committee, the Executive Director shall
be in charge of the operation of the Federation, carrying out the details of
the organization according to the policies and regulations established by the
Board of Directors.
.ind disbursement
>The Executive Director shall have general supervision over all the income of
the Federation, shall supervise the disbursement of funds in accordance with
the budget approved by the Board of Directors, and shall submit an annual
operating budget to the Budget Committee for presentation to and approval
by the Board of Directors.
>The Executive Director shall have the authority to enter into contracts in
the ordinary course of operations on behalf of the Federation as authorized
by the President.
>Letters distributed to Federation mailing lists or statements in public
media representing Federation positions shall be reviewed and approved
in advance by the Executive Director.

.ind contracts
<CONTRACTS.
The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents
of the Federation, in addition to the officers authorized by these bylaws,
to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name
of and on behalf of the Federation, and such authority may be general or
confined to specific instances.
All contracts which, in the opinion of the President or Executive Director,
are not in the ordinary course of operations shall be submitted to the
Executive Committee or Board of Directors for approval.

<DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES
>District Representatives shall be appointed and supervised by
the Executive Director and shall have general administrative
responsibility for the programs of the Federation in their
respective districts, specifically:
.break
(a) developing and preserving the sport of bicycle racing,
however they should avoid personal financial involvement in cycling
promotions in their districts (other than championships) and should not
accept payments for such activities;
.break
(b) assigning racing categories and revising riders' licenses;
.break
(c) reviewing proposals for race meets, collecting race permit fees,
and denying or revoking race permits for events which are judged
to be improperly or inadequately organized.;
.break
(d) appointing race officials, however district representatives may
not be appointed as chief referees within their own district;
.break
(e) suspending licensees for infractions of the rules;
.break
(f) conducting district qualification races and championships;
.break
(g) convening meetings of the member clubs within the district at least
once a year to plan and evaluate activities of the member clubs;
.break
(h) arranging seminars each year for training and certification of
officials sufficient to provide for the needs of the district.

>A district representative must hold a current Federation license as a race
official.

>The Executive Director shall institute a review process for district
representatives on a biannual basis that will invite input from licensees
and clubs in the district and will consider the conduct of the district
representative towards the ridership, the Federation, and the rules throughout
the year.
In the event that a district representative is deemed unfit for duty, the
position along with a complete job description shall be made available to
district licensees and other interested parties.
.s Appeals
.appealref: article!;
.ind appeals
.ind Appeals Board
.ind Board of Appeals
<An appeal of a licensee shall be accepted only if the licensee
claims to have been
harmed by an incorrect interpretation or application, by an agent of the
Federation, of UCI or Federation rules or who claims
that action taken pursuant to said rules was unduly harsh or unwarranted.
Furthermore, only the following kinds of appeals shall be accepted by
the Appeals Board.
.break
.approref: section!;
(a) an appeal of an administrative decision affecting a licensee's
eligibility,
qualification or classification for a race or a national team,
.break
.ind suspension appeal
(b) an appeal of a suspension made under the Federation's bylaws and rules,
.break
.ind club suspension appeal
A member club may appeal only its suspension.

<APPEAL PROCEDURE
.ind appeal procedure
.appealpro: section!;
>All appeals must:
.break
(a) be submitted in writing and signed by the appellant,
.break
(b) be accompanied by the deposit specified in the Schedule of Fees,
.break
(c) identify the decision being appealed,
.break
(d) state how the appellant is harmed by the decision, and
.break
(e) state what rules are being incorrectly interpreted, applied, or assessed.
>An appeal of a decision to suspend must be submitted within
10 days of notice of suspension.
Said appeal shall be submitted to the foreman of the Appeals Jury
having jurisdiction, if known, or to the Appeals Chair.
The licensee pursuing such an appeal may participate in
competition pending a decision of the jury.
>Appeal of an administrative decision regarding licensee elegibility,
qualification,
or classification must be made within 20 days of notice thereof.
Unless the Appeals Jury otherwise determines, such administrative
decision shall not be stayed by the filing of an appeal.

<HEARING PROCEDURE
.<< (for Charge to Jury, see page {[3] chargeref}) >>
.ind hearing procedure for appeals
>The hearing shall be called by the jury foreman
and shall be held as soon as possible.
The appellant shall be provided with reasonable advance written notice of
the hearing.
Such notice shall specify the date, place and time of the hearing and
shall specify the appellant's rights in respect of the hearing, as
provided in Part 2 of this section.
A licensee may waive his or her right to the advance written notice
provided for herein.
Such waiver must be submitted in writing to the Appeals Chair
or the jury foreman.
>The appellant, accompanied by counsel if desired, shall be
allowed to hear and record by any means all testimony presented at the
hearing.
Subject to the right of the foreman of the jury to reasonably regulate
and order the proceedings, all parties
shall be given a reasonable opportunity to present oral or
written evidence, to cross-examine witnesses and to present such factual
or legal claims as desired.
Hearings shall be open to the public unless the appellant otherwise requests.
The rules of evidence shall not be strictly enforced; instead, rules
of evidence generally accepted in administrative procedures shall be
applicable.
The hearing may be handled by mail or telephone
if the appellant so requests or agrees.
>The burden of proof shall be upon the appellant to establish
that the decision being appealed should be reversed or modified.
>The jury shall render a decision on the appeal by a majority
vote.
It is incumbent on the jury to ensure that the rules of the Federation
have been correctly interpreted and fairly applied.
Should the jury find the original decision to be in substantial compliance
with these rules, it shall ratify that decision.
Otherwise, the original decision shall be reversed.
>If the jury finds evidence of grossly improper or unfair actions
by a person under the Federation's jurisdiction, it may recommend
appropriate corrective action in its report.
>The jury shall issue a written statement of its findings, which
shall be sent to the appellant and other persons involved in the appeal.
All documentary evidence and a full report shall be forwarded to
the Appeals Chair.

.ind review of appeals
<Each case shall be reviewed for proper procedure by the
Appeals Chair, who may order a new hearing upon a finding that
procedures were defective.

<Should an Appeals Jury fail to act upon
any appeal put before it within 30 days, the case may be appealed to
the Board of Directors, which shall hear the case at its next regular
meeting or may form an impartial hearing board.

.ind USOC appeals
<USOC APPEALS AND ARBITRATION
>Any organization or person that is a member or licensee of the Federation
may file written complaints with the U.S. Olympic Committee concerning
compliance by the Federation with requirements of the U.S. Olympic Committee
only after having exhausted all remedies available under the bylaws of
the Federation, unless it can be shown by clear and convincing evidence
that compliance with regular procedures would not be likely to produce
a sufficiently timely decision to do justice to the affected parties.
>The Federation agrees to submit to binding arbitration conducted in accordance
with the commercial rules of the American Arbitration Association any
controversy involving the opportunity of any amateur athlete, coach,
trainer, manager, administrator, or official to participate in international
amateur sports competition, or events by which an individual qualifies
for such competition, providing applicable appeal procedures within the
Federation and the U.S. Olympic Committee have been exhausted.
.s Nonvoting Members
.ind nonvoting members
.ind "members, supporting"
.ind supporting members
<Individuals and firms wishing to support the programs of the Federation
may apply as supporting members under one of the classifications given in
the Schedule of Fees.
Each supporting member shall receive a membership certificate or card
and copies of appropriate Federation publications.
.ind life members
.ind honorary members
<Individuals who have contributed extensive and outstanding service to the
Federation may be designated to the honorary position of Life Member
by a 2/3 vote of the Annual Meeting or the Board of Directors.

.ind district associations
.ind district surcharge
<An association may be formed by clubs within a district and apply for
membership as a club.
Membership in such an association must be open to all Federation member clubs in
a district.
Expenditures of funds shall be by vote of the clubs in the association.
Anyone promoting a race within the district may levy a race entry fee
surcharge for the association in accordance with the Schedule of Fees.
 
.s Licensing of Amateur Competitors
.ind registration of riders
.ind licensing of riders
.licensref: article!;
<An amateur is one who meets the criteria of IOC Rule 26 (see appendix,
page {[3] rule26ref}) or who engages in the sport of bicycle racing for
enjoyment or for recreational benefits.
Licensing is open to all amateur riders with a racing age of 9 years or more
who submit a completed registration
form, proof of age, and a licensing fee as specified
in the Schedule of Fees.
.ind citizenship requirement
>Applicants who have submitted proof of citizenship in the United States of
America will be issued National or International licenses, as they request.
Only these licensees are eligible for tryouts for national team
selection.
.ind permanent residents
.ind resident license
>Applicants who are permanent residents of the United States of America or
are minors whose parent or guardian is a permanent resident will be issued
Resident licenses.
.ind limited license
>Other applicants will be issued Limited licenses and
are %3ineligible%* for district or national championships.
.indent 0,0;
Each licensed rider shall receive a rulebook if desired.

.ind "rider advertising fee"
.ind "advertising fee for riders"
<An amateur rider's person, name, picture, or sports performance may be used
in advertising only under a contract with the Federation, the U.S.
Olympic Committee, or the International Amateur Cycling Federation that
gives explicit permission for the advertising (see Schedule of Fees,
Section {[1] adveref}).
Violations of sponsorship or advertising regulations of the Federation
may result in penalties to licensees, including loss of amateur license.
.ind professionals reinstated as amateurs
<A former professional rider may be reinstated as an amateur by the
Technical Chairman with the consent of the Board of Directors, but
former professionals may not be selected as national team members.
.ridadref: section!;

<A Federation license is an identity document that indicates its holder
has agreed to abide by the Constitution, Bylaws, rules, and
decisions of the Federation.
A racing license indicates the club, if any, of which the rider is a racing
member, the district in which the rider is a resident, the rider's age
group class, and the rider's racing category, if one has been
assigned.
Racing licenses expire on December 31 of the year for which they are issued.
Changes to a racing license must be made by the district representative or
Federation office before they become effective.

.ind classes
.ind racing class
.ind age classes
<CLASSES.
Each rider's racing class shall be determined by the rider's sex,
racing age, and categories, defined below.
riders whose racing age is 17 years or less are "Juniors" and
older riders are "Seniors".

.group
<CATEGORIES OF RIDERS, QUALIFYING RACES
.ind categories of riders
>All riders shall be assigned to one of the categories 1 through 4 for road
racing and for track racing.
.begin indent 14,16; preface 0; crbreak
Category 1 - national or international
Category 2 - regional or sectional
Category 3 - state or district
Category 4 - local or novice
.end continue
.apart
The categories are assigned by district representatives or the
Technical Chairman based on a rider's experience and performance and are
subject to appeal.
Category 4 is assigned unless a higher category has been earned.
>Any request for a change in category must be accompanied by written
documentation of placings, competitive experience or performance.
Whenever any such request is not approved, a written statement of the
reasons for denying such request must be provided.

.ind "changing category"
.ind upgrading category
>%3Upgrading by performance%*.  A rider who finishes in the first three places
of three qualifying races or in the first six places of six qualifying races
may be upgraded to the next higher category, if any.
>%3Upgrading by experience%*.  A rider may earn the right to move from
Category 4 to Category 3 based on racing experience and competence
without any placing requirements.
.ind downgrading category
>Any rider who in the previous calendar year never placed in the first
10 in any event in the rider's category that was issued a race permit
may be assigned to the next lower category, if any.
.ind qualifying race
>A "qualifying race" within the meaning of this bylaw is a mass
start non-invitational event for riders of a given category in which:
.begin indent partm,(partm+4);
(a) The cycling ability and performance of the entrants is similar to or
better than that of all current members of a given category.

(b) The particular race is representative of road or track races as generally
conducted for riders of a given category.

(c) The number of entrants in a given category is sufficient to provide a
useful indicator of individual performance, and	

(d) Official race announcements have been distributed throughout the region
and section in which the race is conducted.
.end continue
Non-qualifying events for the purpose of categorizing riders are:
handicap, invitational, club and training races; individual and team
time trials, hill climbs, and cyclocross races.
If a stage race meets the standards outlined above, a rider's placing
in each qualifying stage may be used for categorizing.

<MEMBERSHIP IN CLUBS
.ind membership in clubs
.ind release from club membership
>Licensed riders may be a racing member of only one club.
Riders who are entitled to represent their school, college, or university in
scholastic bicycle races may do so regardless of their club membership status.

.ind unattached rider
>An unattached rider is one who is not a racing member of a club that
is itself a member of the Federation.

.ind resignation from a club
.ind club resignation
.ind changing clubs
.ind unattached period
>Any rider resigning from a club must mail notice of this resignation
to the Federation registration office.
At the end of the year this notice may be given by mailing no later than
December 31 a license renewel application which indicates the change in club
membership.
.dead("12/31",|Riders changing clubs must resign from old club %3and%* join new
. club by this date in order to avoid the "six months unattached" rule
. (see page {page})|);
After December 31, any rider resigning from a club or joining a club
other than the club of which the rider was previously a racing member
shall compete as unattached for a period of six months from the date on
which the Federation was notified or until December 31, whichever period
is less.
The unattached period may be waived if the old club agrees in writing to
the change in membership.
.ind unattached period
>Riders who are licensed as members of a club that fails
to pay its club membership dues by January 31 of the current year
shall be considered unattached as of January 31 and shall then be
entitled to join another club at any time.
Such riders membership in the new club shall become effective upon
written notification to the Federation office.
.ind club-rider agreements
.ind rider-club agreements
>A club and rider may enter into written agreements describing the obligations
of each to the other provided that such agreements do not conflict with the
Constitution, Schedule of Fees, Bylaws, or Racing Rules of the Federation.

.s "Licensing of Officials, Coaches, Trainers, and Mechanics"
.ind licensing of coaches
<Coaches may be licensed upon completion of the training program
established by the Board of Directors.

.ind "licensing of officials"
<LICENSING OF OFFICIALS
>Officials may be licensed
upon successful completion of a written examination.  There is a fee
for the examination as specified in the Schedule of Fees.
Licensed officials will receive a copy of the rulebook each year.
The license specifies a category for each officiating position for which
the holder is qualified, as follows:
.begin indent 5,9;
Category 1 - High grade on the written examination and extensive officiating
experience, with demonstrated ability to deal fairly and efficiently with
riders and other officials.

Category 2 - Good grade on written examination and substantial officiating
experience.

Category 3 - Passing grade on written examination, with or without officiating
experience.

Category 4 - Passing grade on a limited written examination, qualifying
such officials only for road racing events
in positions other than chief referee.
.end

>Any licensed official, in order to remain in good standing
as an official of the Federation, must officiate at a minimum of two
Federation race meets per year.
Officials are also required to attend a seminar yearly arranged for
by the District Representative, to aquaint them with rule changes and
to instruct them in their roles.

>Any licensed official may be upgraded upon successful completion of a
written examination for the category involved.

.ind "licensing of trainers and mechanics"
<Trainers and mechanics may be licensed to the end of the calendar year
upon certification and payment of the fee specified in the Schedule of Fees.
.s Race Permits
.ind race permit
<The fundamental purpose for promoting a cycling event is
two-fold: (1) to assist riders in the development of their competitive
skills, and (2) to expand the acceptance of bicycle racing as a
competitive sport in the United States.
A promoter, or his agent, who fails to adhere to this purpose
in the promotion of an event under a Federation race permit shall be deemed
not to be acting in the best interest of the sport of bicycle racing and
shall be denied further race permits for a period of time appropriate
to the circumstances.

<TERMS OF A RACE PERMIT
>A race permit is a non-exclusive authorization issued by the
Federation to a promoter or promoting organization to conduct a race
meet of a specified type on specified dates.
>The Federation seeks to minimize scheduling conflicts between events.
The Federation may issue permits to conduct more than one race meet
on the same day provided there are sufficient race officials available.
>By granting a race permit or the use of a specific term for use
in a race title, the Federation makes no warranties or representations,
expressed or implied,
and does not guarantee the participation of specific riders or numbers
of riders.

<Each promoter or promoting organization shall agree to
abide by and enforce the Constitution and subordinate regulations of the
Federation as well as decisions made by officials and other agents of
the Federation in accordance with these regulations.

<The race permit application must state the date(s) of the proposed events,
and the classes of race that will be held.
Races may be designated for certain ages or categories or for females
only, but not for males only.
The race permit fee shall be as specified in the Schedule of Fees and must
accompany the application for the race permit.
>For senior races, all riders older than the specified racing age may
ride, subject to category limitations.
A race designated as "senior" without any age given is equivalent to
"senior 18".
>For junior races, all riders younger than the specified racing age may ride,
subject to category and distance limitations.

<Race permits are required for all bicycle races except those limited
to members of a single club.

<RACE TITLES
.ind "championship, use of title"
>Except for championships organized by the Federation, use of the word
"championship" in a race title or advertising requires
written approval by the Technical Chairman.
.ind international race
>The term "international" may be used in a race title only for races
in which invited representatives of foreign national federations compete.
.ind "Olympic, use of title"
>Except for events authorized by the United States Olympic Committee,
the term "Olympic" may not be used in a race title.

.ind invitational race
<INVITATIONAL RACES
>Invitational races may be held on certain occasions, subject to the
approval of the Technical Chairman.  They must not dominate the
local racing program, and are to be discouraged except in unusual or
special circumstances.
>Invitations may be extended to either amateur or professional:
(1) individuals, (2) teams, (3) classes or categories, or any combination.
>The Federation invites representatives of foreign national federations.
The promoter invites all others.

<INTERNATIONAL RACES
.ind international races
.ind UCI calendar
>International races are invitational races in which teams or riders
representing foreign federations compete.
An international road race requires representatives from at least three
other national federations and must be listed on a UCI calendar.
An international track race requires representatives from at least one
other federation and need not be listed on a UCI calendar.
>For international events listed as "open" on a UCI calendar, the only
amateurs who may compete are those representing their national federation.
>Applications for international race permits should be submitted
to the Executive Director by September 15 of the year preceding the year
in which the race is to be held.
The application must include any race permit fees specified in the
Schedule of Fees and must demonstrate that:
.continue
(a) appropriate measures will be taken to protect the amateur status of
athletes who will take part in the competition and to protect their
eligibility to compete in amateur athletic competition,
.continue
(b) appropriate measures will be taken for validation of records, if any,
established during the competition,
.continue
(c) due regard will be given to the requirements and rules of the UCI,
the FIAC, and the Federation applicable to the competition.
.continue
(d) the competition will be conducted by qualified officials,
.continue
(e) proper medical supervision will be provided for athletes who
participate in the competition,
.continue
(f) proper safety precautions will be taken to protect the personal
welfare of the athletes and spectators at the competition,
.continue
(g) there will be funds to responsibly meet the financial obligations
of the competitions and sufficient staff to properly and adequately
organize the competition.
.continue
The Federation shall promptly review each such application and, if there
is no clear and convincing evidence that holding the race would be
detrimental to the best interests of the sport, it shall request that
the race dates be approved by the appropriate international cycling body
for placement on an international calendar.
.ind date conflicts
>Date conflicts between a proposed international race and a race
for which the national team will be eligible or entered, whether within
or outside the United States, or between two proposed international
races within the United States where the events are the same kind of
competition (road or track) are generally not in the best interest of the
sport.
.ind escrow account
>Not later than 30 days prior to the start of an international
event, the promoter must deposit in an escrow account an amount equal to
half the value of the entire prize list.
If for any reason the race is not held on the established date(s), the
escrow account shall be payable in full to the Federation.
Failure to establish such an account shall be sufficient reason for
cancellation of the race permit.

<STAGE RACES
.ind stage races
>Each year one junior and one senior international stage race may be
designated as national tours.
The number of days of competition permitted for stage races is:
.begin nofill narrow 15; tabs 18,26; select 3;
→Nation\al →Oth\er
Class →tou\rs →tou\rs%*
Junior →8\ →4\
Senior →12\ →6\
.end
One rest day, which is not included in the count of competition days,
is permitted in tours of 8 or more racing days.
Rest days may not be used for transportation of riders.
.ind prologue in stage race
>A short prologue individual time trial may be conducted prior to the
first day and is not included in the count of competition days.
It may be no longer than 8 km. and should start after 4 PM.
The results are used in determining individual general classification
but not team general classification.
.ind distance limitations in stage race
>There may be a maximum of two stages per day.
The total distance permitted each day is determined by the maximum climb
in that day's racing, as follows.
.begin nofill; narrow 12; tabs 22,32; select 3;
Climb →Seni\ors →Juni\ors
%*Over 1000 m. →140\ km. →80\ km.
600 to 1000 →150\ →100\
Up to 600 →160\ →110\
Level →200\ →120\
.end
>The average daily distance of the race, given by dividing the total
distance by the number of racing days, may not exceed 90 km. for juniors
or 155 km. for seniors.
.s Championships
.ind national championships
.ind championships
<National Championships shall be held each year
at locations selected according
to standards established by the Board of Directors and the following
guidelines.
.ind rotation of championships
>The various National Championships shall rotate from year to year between
the three Sections of the country, East, Central, and West, in that order.
The various championships may rotate independently of each other.
.natsec←(if (year mod 3)=0 then "West" else (if (year mod 3)=1 then "East" else "Central Section"));
.dead("10/ 1",|Bid deadline for {(year+3)} Nationals for Road, Track, and Time
. Trial (the {natsec} has priority -- see page {page})|);

>Whenever practicable in the years of the Pan American and Olympic Games,
the national road and track championships shall be made a part of the
team selection for the Games.

>The Board of Directors shall establish a set of standards for
bid proposals for the various championships, including minimum bid amounts
as specified in the Schedule of Fees, and deadlines for such bids.
>In the event no bid proposals from the scheduled Section for a
championship meets the established Standards and deadline,
bid proposals from all Sections may be considered.

.ind mixing classes in championships
<In district or national championships,
.begin group nofill narrow 5; tabs 28;
%3Riders who are: \may elect to ride with:%*
Junior 16-17 \Senior
Junior 16-17 Women \Senior Women
.end continue
Where time permits, senior riders who are eligible may compete
in more than one class
in a given championship provided that all entry fees are paid.
.ind qualification for nationals
<In order to compete in the National Championships, a rider must meet any
established performance standards.
National Champions may defend their titles without having to qualify,
provided they are otherwise eligible.
.ind performance standards at nationals

<In order to be eligible for a given district championship, a rider
must have become a resident of said district and registered this
fact with the Federation at least 60 days before the championship.

.ind national championship medals
.ind medals for national championship
<Championship medals shall be presented to the first three places in each
of the championships conducted.

.if lines< 11 then skip 200;
<ROAD RACE CHAMPIONSHIPS
.ind road race championships
>District and national championships shall
be conducted for each of the following classes and distances:
.ind road race championships
.begin nofill turn on "→\"; narrow 3; tabs 19,32,51;
Junior 15 \40-55 km. \Junior 15 girls \30-40 km.
Junior 17 \90-120	\Junior 17 women \40-55
Senior \160-205	\Senior women \70-110
Senior 35 \70-90	\Senior 35 women \30-40
Senior 45 \55-70
Senior 55 \55-70
.end
>In addition, national road race championships shall be conducted
for each of the following classes: senior-30, senior-30 women,
senior-45 women.
>District road race championships shall be conducted for each of the
following classes and distances:
.begin nofill turn on "→\"; narrow 3; tabs 19,32,51;
Junior 11 \10-20 km. \Junior 11 girls \10-20 km.
Junior 13 \20-40 \Junior 13 girls \20-30
.end

<TIME TRIAL CHAMPIONSHIPS
.ind time trial championships
>District and national individual championships shall be conducted for
the following classes and distances:
.begin nofill turn on "→\"; narrow 3; tabs 19,32,51;
Junior 17 women \20 km. \Junior 17 \20 km.
Senior women \40 \Senior \40
Senior 35 women \40 \Senior 35 \40
Senior 45 women \40 \Senior 45 \40
Senior 55 women \40 \Senior 55 \40
.end
>National individual championships shall also be conducted at a distance
of 40 km. for seniors and for senior women at the following
racing ages: 30 and at 5 year intervals thereafter.
>A team time trial national championship shall be conducted at a
distance of 100 kilometers for teams consisting of four riders.
Riders who are 16 or older shall be eligible to compete.

.if lines<5 then skip 200;
<CRITERIUM CHAMPIONSHIPS
.continue
National criterium championships shall be
conducted for each of the following classes and distances:
.begin nofill turn on "→\"; narrow 3; tabs 19,32,51;
Junior 17 →50\ km.
Senior →80\   \Senior Women →40\ km.
Senior 35 →50\ \Senior 35 Women
Senior 45
.end
<CYCLOCROSS CHAMPIONSHIPS
.continue
A national cyclocross championship shall be conducted.
Riders who are 16 or older shall be eligible to compete.

<TRACK CHAMPIONSHIPS
>District and national track championships shall be conducted
for each of the following classes:

.begin nofill; tabs 5,34;
→(a) \Senior →(b) \Senior women
 \Sprint            \Sprint
 \1 km. time trial  \1 km. time trial
 \4 km. pursuit     \3 km. pursuit
 \40 km. points race \20 km. points race
.if lines<7 then skip 200;;
→(c) \Junior 17    →(d) \Junior 17 women.
 \Sprint           \Omnium consisting of:
 \1 km. time trial  \500 meter mass start
 \3 km. pursuit     \2.5 km. mass start
 \25 km. points race \5 km. points race
→(e) \Junior 15.  Separate omniums for all riders and for girls
 \consisting of:
 \1 km. mass start race
 \2 km. mass start race
 \4 km. mass start race
.end
>A national team pursuit championship shall be conducted
at a distance of 4 kilometers for teams of four riders.
Riders who are 16 or older shall be eligible to compete.
>A national tandem sprint championship may be conducted whenever
the track championships are held at a velodrome which
is suitable for such an event.
Riders who are 18 or older shall be eligible to compete.
>District track championships only shall be conducted for the following:
.begin crbreak;indent 0,3; tabs 5;
(a) Junior 13.  Separate omniums for all riders and for girls consisting of:
 \750 meter mass start race
 \1.5 km. mass start race
 \3 km. mass start race
(b) Junior 11.  Separate omniums for all riders and for girls consisting of:
 \500 meter mass start race
 \1 km. mass start race
 \2 km. mass start race
.end

<AGE GRADED TRACK CHAMPIONSHIPS
.continue
Senior age graded track championships shall be conducted
for each of the following classes:

.begin nofill; indent 0,0; tabs 5,34;
→(a) \Senior-35 Women →(b) \Senior-35
\Omnium consisting of: \Sprint
\2 km. mass start \1 km. time trial
\3 km. time trial \3 km. pursuit
\6 km. mass start \track omnium
→(c) \Senior-45 →(d) \Senior-55
\Sprint         \Omnium consisting of:
\1 km. time trial \2 km. massed start
\3 km. time trial \3 km. time trial
\track omnium     \6 km. massed start
.end
<MADISON CHAMPIONSHIP
.continue
A national madison championship may be conducted.
Riders who are 16 or older shall be eligible to compete.

.s Club Privileges and Responsibilities
.ind privileges of clubs
.ind responsibilities of clubs
.ind clubs
.ind bicycle clubs
<Member clubs may use the Federation emblem on club stationary provided
that the identity of the club appears more prominently than the Federation
emblem and that the stationary shows no commercial sponsorship.
Other uses of the Federation emblem (including race announcements)
require special permission from the Federation.
.ind names of clubs
<Clubs and teams are prohibited from using
names, inscriptions, or publicity that may tend to confuse the distinction
between them and national teams of the Federation.
Terms such as "National" and "U.S.A." generally lead to such
confusion.
.ind club name restriction
<A commercial organization may not organize a
member amateur club which uses the same name as the commercial
organization.
<Membership shall be on a calendar year basis.
All initial and renewal applications for membership shall
be accompanied by the club membership dues
specified in the Schedule of Fees.
Members that fail to pay their renewal fees by January 1 shall have all
their membership privileges suspended until their dues are paid.
Memberships which are not renewed by March 15 shall be terminated.
.dead(" 1/ 1",|Clubs must renew membership by this date to avoid suspension
. fee (see page {page!})|);
.dead(" 3/15",|Clubs must renew membership by this date to avoid termination
. fee (see page {page!})|);
.ind suspension of clubs
<Any member club that is in violation of the Federation Constitution or
subordinate regulations may be suspended by the Executive Director.
Such suspensions may be appealed (see Bylaw {[1] appealref}).

.ind club sponsorship
.ind team sponsorship
.ind sponsorship of club or team
.ind advertising of sponsors
<A club or team organized by a club may enter into sponsorship contracts
provided that any income from the agreements accrues to the club and not
to any individual competitor.
Any member club in good standing which has promoted a race open to
members of other clubs in the current or previous calendar year shall
be eligible for sponsorship upon acceptance of its membership by
the Federation office.
A proposed sponsorship agreement together with any sponsorship fee
specified in the Schedule of Fees must be submitted for approval of the
Federation before it may be enforced.
Club sponsorship agreements shall specify the amount of sponsorship on
a calendar year basis.

.ind team sponsorship
<Sponsored teams consisting of amateur competitors who are members of
several clubs may be organized by a club to compete either in a single
event or in events throughout the calendar year.
The club of which each rider is a member must provide written approval
before its member may participate and may, in exchange for the permission,
receive a fee from the team sponsor to support development of club riders.
All members of the sponsored team must compete in identical uniforms either
of the organizing club or of a new sponsorship design.

.ind sponsorship report
<A club that has been awarded any excess prizes or has been sponsored
must submit a written report documenting disbursements
to the Federation by January 31 of the following year.
The report must account for the assistance provided to
individual amateur competitors for:
.begin "report" indent 3,6;
(a) food and lodging;

(b) cost of transportation and travel;

(c) incidental expenses;

(d) accident, illness, property, and disability insurance;

(e) cycling equipment, uniforms, and clothing;

(f) medical treatment, physiotherapy, and authorized coaching.
.end "report" continue
The report must also describe expenditures that were made using excess
prize winnings that were not accounted for by the above individual report.
Any club which fails to provide such a report shall have its membership
in the Federation suspended until a report is received and approved.
.s National Teams
.ind national team managers and coaches
.ind managers' duties
<The team managers shall represent the teams in whatever events
they enter and shall look after the interests and general welfare of the
members of their team, including housing, food, transportation, uniforms,
laundry and recreation.
They shall also enforce the rules of the Federation.
The team members shall have the right to appeal the enforcement of
such rules as provided for in Bylaw {[1] appealref}.
.ind coaches' responsibilities
<The national team coaches shall
have responsibilities including but not limited to:
.break
(a) developing and conducting programs to improve the competitive performance
of cyclists;
.break
(b) recommending selection procedures and selecting national teams according
to approved procedures;
.break
(c) setting up the training program, practice
and competition schedule for the national team; and
.break
(d) advising and coaching candidates for and members of
the teams in the techniques and strategies of their competiton.
Only persons approved by the Federation may coach the team during its
preparation and competition.

.ind conduct of national team members
.ind national team members' conduct
<All members of national teams and all persons to whom a special
uniform has been issued shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the
Federation.
They shall conduct themselves at all times and in all places as befits
worthy representatives of their country and the Federation.

<No licensee may be a member of a Federation team if that individual has a
prior agreement which requires the use of certain brands or types of equipment
or clothing while functioning as a national team member.

<Competitors shall be under the strict supervision of the national team
manager and coaches.
By accepting membership on the national team, athletes agree to do the
following:
.break
(a) maintain their eligibility to enter competiton governed by the
International Olympic Committee;
.break
(b) prepare and condition themselves for the events and specialties for which
they have been selected as team members;
.break
(c) take part in all training sessions, camps, and courses established for
the team unless excused;
.break
(d) compete in designated events to the best of their ability
when directed to do so by the Federation;
.break
(e) arrange their educational, employment, and personal responsibilities
to fulfill their obligations as team members as far as is reasonably possible;
.break
(f) abide by team regulations as issued from time to time by the Federation,
including but not limited to any special curfew or rules of conduct
established at training camps and competitive programs.

<National team personnel, including riders, trainers, coaches, and
mechanics, who do not adhere to the provisions of
this bylaw may be dismissed from the team by the team manager or the
Executive Director.
If the team is still in the United states, such dismissals may be appealed
in the same manner as other administrative decisions.
Otherwise, an appeal may be made upon the return of the team to the United
States.
.s Suspension of Licensees
.ind suspension
.suspendref: article!;
<The following offenses may be punished by suspension or lesser
penalties:
.continue
.ind theft
.ind fraud
.ind unsportsmanlike conduct
.ind stealing property
(a) acts of theft, fraud or grossly unsportsmanlike conduct in conjunction
with a sporting event;
.continue
.ind assumed name
(b) entering competition under an assumed name;
.continue
(c) offering, conspiring, or attempting to
cause any race to result otherwise than on its merits;
.continue
.ind wager on a race
.ind betting by an official;
(d) laying a wager on a race by an official of that race;
.continue
.ind flagrant violations
.ind persistent violations
(e) flagrant or persistent violation of any provision of the Constitution
or rules adopted thereunder which seriously damages the good name of the
Federation or the sport of bicycle racing.

<Any licensee who acknowledges in writing any published rules of conduct
for the use of a training, housing, or racing site obtained by the
Federation and who subsequently violates these rules shall be subject
to suspension.

.ind bad check suspension
<Licensees who fail to make good on invalid checks presented as payment
to the Federation or as an entry fee at any event that was issued a race
permit by the Federation may be suspended until the obligation is fulfilled.
.badchkref: section!;

.ind suspension procedures
<SUSPENSION PROCEDURES
.ind suspension hearing
.bocsusref: section!;
>District representatives may suspend for a period up to 30 days
or, under Section {[1] badchkref} of this bylaw, until the obligation
is fulfilled.
The Technical Chairman may suspend for any period.
>Suspensions must begin 11 days or later from the date of notice to the
licensee.

.ind appeal of suspension
>A notice of suspension shall be communicated to the licensee in
writing and shall state the acts that led to the imposition of the
suspension and the rules that were violated.
Copies of this notice shall be sent to the Executive Director,
Technical Chairman, and the Appeals Chair.
The licensee shall have the right of appeal as provided in Bylaw
{article! appealref}.

>If an appeal is filed, the suspension shall be stayed pending the
decision of the Appeals Jury.
%1The Technical Chairman or the
district representative who proposes the suspension shall appoint or act
as investigator.
The investigator shall collect evidence and interrogate witnesses, as
appropriate, and otherwise present the case to the Appeals Jury as
provided in Bylaw {article! appealref}.

.s  Geographical Organization
.ind geographical organization
.ind sections
.ind regions
.ind districts
The sections, regions, and districts of the Federation are given below.
Numbers in parentheses represent the first three digits of U.S.
Postal Zip Codes.  States or territories that are named without
parenthetical numbers are entirely included in the given district.
.begin "geog" INDENT 4,8; nojust; preface 0;
.if lines<5 then skip 200;; once indent 0;
EAST

Region 1 - Connecticut, Maine-New Hampshire, Massachusetts-Rhode Island,
Vermont.

Region 2 - New York/North (120-123 128-139 148-149),
New York/South (100-119 124-127), New York/West (140-147).

Region 3 - New Jersey, Pennsylvania.

Region 4 - Florida/North (320-329 335-338),
Florida/South-Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands (330-334 339 006-009),
Georgia, Maryland-Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Virginia-District of Columbia.

.if lines<5 then skip 200;; once indent 0;
CENTRAL

Region 1 - Indiana, Michigan, Ohio-West Virginia.

Region 2 - Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota-South Dakota,
Wisconsin, Wyoming.

Region 3 - Illinois, Iowa, Missouri.

Region 4 - Alabama, Arkansas, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas.

.if lines<5 then skip 200;; once indent 0;
WEST

Region 1 - Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.

Region 2 - California-Nevada/North (936-961 893-898).

Region 3 - California-Nevada/South (890-891 900-935).

Region 4 - Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah.
.end "geog";